Indigofera
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Indigofera L.
Annual herbs or shrubs, beset with biramous hairs, sometimes also with glandular hairs. Leaves mostly imparipinnate or palmately 3-foliolate, occasionally unifoliolate or simple; stipules small, setaceous, slightly adnate to petiole or free; leaflets entire, rarely stipellate. Flowers usually in axillary racemes or spikes, bracts caducous; bracteoles absent. Calyx small, oblique, teeth ± equal, or lowermost longer. Corolla rose, purple, or red; vexillum sessile or clawed, obovate or orbicular, pubescent outside, indistinctly nerved; wings oblong, ± coherent with the laterally gibbous or spurred, erect, obtuse or acuminate, straight or slightly incurved keel. Stamens diadelphous, anthers monomorphic, apiculate. Ovary sessile or so, multi-ovulate, rarely 1- or 2-ovuled; style glabrous, stigma capitate, often penicillate. Pods linear, oblong or rarely globose, cylindrical, tetragonous or flattened, straight, arcuate or rarely circinate, internally septate between the seeds, dehiscent or not. Seeds (1-2-) many, globose to cylindric, compressed or quadrate, estrophiolate.
A large genus of some 700 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical countries of both the New and Old Worlds. In Saudi Arabia, it is represented by at least 20 species. Of these, I. arrecta Hochst., I. articulata Gouan, I. coerulea Roxb. and I. tinctoria L. are some of the species that were cultivated in the past for the production of the indigo ( Nil) dye.